The process by which a bacterial cell takes up DNA from its environment is:
A. Transformation
B. Transduction
C. Conjugation
D. Lysogeny
Answer: Option A
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Transformation is the direct uptake and incorporation of naked DNA from the surroundings by a bacterium. Conjugation is DNA transfer via pilus, transduction via phage, lysogeny is phage DNA integration.
Consider statements about ecology: 1. A population includes all species in an area. 2. A community includes only interacting populations. 3. An ecosystem includes both biotic and abiotic components. Which are correct?
Explanation:
A population consists of individuals of a single species living in a specific area, not all species. A community comprises all the interacting populations of different species living together in a defined area. An ecosystem is a functional unit of nature encompassing both the biotic (living community) and abiotic (physical environment) components, interacting as a system. Only statement 2 is strictly correct in its definition.
Explanation:
The radicle is the embryonic root, emerging first during germination, and develops into the primary root system. The plumule develops into the shoot, hypocotyl is below cotyledons, epicotyl above cotyledons. The radicle grows downward (positively geotropic) to anchor and absorb water.
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