The process by which water moves up the xylem against gravity is mainly due to: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
In 1885, Louis Pasteur developed the first effective vaccine against rabies. He achieved this by serially passaging the rabies virus (obtained from the saliva of infected dogs) through the spinal cords of rabbits. This process attenuated (weakened) the virus for rabbits but made it virulent for dogs. He then dried the infected spinal cords to further weaken the virus and used this attenuated material to successfully inoculate and protect a boy, Joseph Meister, who had been bitten by a rabid dog.

Explanation:
The '9+2' arrangement refers to nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a central pair, which is the classic axoneme structure of motile cilia and flagella. Centrioles and basal bodies possess a '9+0' arrangement (nine triplets, no central pair). Mitotic spindle fibers are single microtubules, and intermediate filaments lack a tubular microtubule structure entirely.

Explanation:
Synovial fluid is a viscous, egg-white-like fluid secreted by the synovial membrane in synovial joints (e.g., knee, hip). It lubricates articular cartilage, reducing friction and wear, and also nourishes cartilage. CSF cushions CNS, pleural fluid reduces lung friction, aqueous humor is in the eye.