The process that introduces new genetic variation into a population is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
The Bohr effect describes how an increase in pCO2 or a decrease in pH (increase in H+) reduces hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen, shifting the oxygen dissociation curve to the right and promoting oxygen unloading. Conversely, in the lungs, where pCO2 is low and pH is relatively higher (more alkaline), the Bohr effect works in reverse: hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen increases, facilitating the loading (binding) of oxygen to hemoglobin. The Haldane effect describes the reciprocal relationship for CO2 transport.

Explanation:
Vitamin A is essential for the synthesis of rhodopsin. Deficiency leads to impaired dark adaptation (night blindness) and eventually xerophthalmia. Beri-beri is B₁ deficiency, pellagra B₃, scurvy vitamin C.

Explanation:
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, fatal brain disorder caused by misfolded prion proteins (PrP^Sc), which are infectious protein particles lacking nucleic acid. Rabies, polio, and influenza are caused by viruses. Prions cause spongiform encephalopathies like mad cow disease (BSE).