Explanation:
Hydraulic brakes operate on Pascal's Law. It states that an external pressure applied to an enclosed, incompressible fluid is transmitted undiminished equally in all directions throughout the fluid volume. When force is applied to the small brake pedal cylinder, it exerts a large pressure that is transmitted to the larger wheel cylinders, amplifying the force.
Explanation:
Alpha particles are helium nuclei (2 protons, 2 neutrons), charge +2e, mass 4 u. Beta particles are fast electrons (or positrons). Gamma rays are high-energy photons, no mass, no charge.
Explanation:
Loudness correlates with intensity, which is proportional to square of amplitude. Frequency determines pitch. Larger amplitude → louder sound. Measured in decibels.
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