The 'Red Data Book' keeps records of: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Phagocytosis, or 'cell eating', is a type of endocytosis where the cell membrane engulfs large solid particles, such as bacteria or cellular debris, forming a vesicle called a phagosome. This phagosome then fuses with a lysosome for digestion. It is primarily performed by specialized cells like macrophages and neutrophils.

Explanation:
Approximately 70% of CO2 is transported in the blood as bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). CO2 diffuses into red blood cells, where it reacts with water to form carbonic acid, catalyzed by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. Carbonic acid then dissociates into H+ and HCO3-, which moves into the plasma. About 20-25% is carried as carbaminohemoglobin.

Explanation:
Lysosomes contain about 40 types of hydrolytic enzymes (hydrolases) like proteases, lipases, nucleases, glycosidases, which digest macromolecules. They function in acidic pH (5.0). Oxidoreductases catalyze oxidation-reduction, transferases transfer groups, isomerases catalyze isomerization. Lysosomes are involved in autophagy, phagocytosis, and programmed cell death. Their rupture leads to autolysis, hence called 'suicide bags'.