The scientist who discovered the enzyme reverse transcriptase was: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Simple (endemic) goiter is caused by iodine deficiency, leading to low production of thyroid hormones. The pituitary secretes excess TSH, stimulating the thyroid to enlarge in an attempt to produce more hormones. Cretinism is congenital hypothyroidism, Graves' disease is autoimmune hyperthyroidism, Hashimoto's is autoimmune hypothyroidism. Iodized salt prevents goiter.

Explanation:
Lipase is the fat-digesting enzyme, produced mainly by the pancreas (pancreatic lipase) and also by lingual and gastric glands. It hydrolyzes triglycerides into monoglycerides and free fatty acids. Bile salts emulsify fats, increasing surface area for lipase action. Amylase digests starch, pepsin digests proteins, sucrase hydrolyzes sucrose. Lipase requires colipase for optimal activity.

Explanation:
Emil Fischer proposed the lock-and-key model in 1894 to explain enzyme specificity. Koshland modified it to induced fit. Krebs discovered the citric acid cycle, Mitchell chemiosmosis.