Explanation:
Stratospheric ozone absorbs harmful UV-B and UV-C radiation from the sun, protecting living organisms. Depletion by CFCs increases UV at surface. Infrared is absorbed by greenhouse gases.
Explanation:
Graham's law of effusion/diffusion: Rate ∝ 1/√M (molar mass) at same temperature and pressure. Lighter gases diffuse faster. This is used in isotope separation (e.g., ²³⁵UF₆ vs ²³⁸UF₆) and in understanding gas behavior in leaks.
Explanation:
Methanol (CH₃OH) contains the hydroxyl (–OH) functional group characteristic of alcohols. It is the simplest alcohol, also called wood alcohol. Ethanol (C₂H₅OH) is the alcohol in beverages. Aldehydes have –CHO group, ketones have >C=O, carboxylic acids have –COOH. Methanol is toxic; ingestion can cause blindness or death. It is used as a solvent and in formaldehyde production.
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