Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace independently proposed natural selection as the mechanism for evolution. Darwin published 'On the Origin of Species' in 1859.
Explanation:
A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed between the carboxyl group (-COOH) of one amino acid and the amino group (-NH₂) of another, releasing a water molecule (condensation reaction). Glycosidic bonds link monosaccharides, phosphodiester bonds link nucleotides in DNA/RNA, hydrogen bonds stabilize secondary structures. Peptide bonds create the polypeptide backbone.
Explanation:
Hinge joints (ginglymus) permit flexion and extension only, like a door hinge. The elbow, knee, and interphalangeal joints are examples. Ball-and-socket (hip) multiaxial, pivot (neck) rotation, saddle (thumb) biaxial.
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