Explanation:
Recoil is due to action-reaction pair: gun exerts forward force on bullet, bullet exerts backward force on gun. Newton's third law states for every action there is equal and opposite reaction. Conservation of momentum also explains recoil, but the immediate law is third law. Gun recoil velocity is calculated using conservation of momentum derived from third law.
Explanation:
Solar cell (photovoltaic cell) converts sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor p-n junction. No heat involved. Battery converts chemical to electrical. Thermocouple heat to electrical. Solar energy is renewable.
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