The vaccine for tuberculosis is known as: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Light reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes, where photosystems I and II, electron transport chains, and ATP synthase are located. Light energy is captured to produce ATP and NADPH and split water. The Calvin cycle (light-independent) occurs in the stroma.

Explanation:
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch microscopist, designed single-lens microscopes and observed bacteria, protozoa, sperm cells, and RBCs for the first time, calling them 'animalcules'. Hooke observed dead cork cells. Schleiden proposed that plants are composed of cells, Virchow stated 'Omnis cellula e cellula'. Leeuwenhoek is rightly considered the father of microbiology for his pioneering observations of living microbes.

Explanation:
Helicase uses ATP to separate the hydrogen-bonded base pairs, creating the replication fork. Topoisomerase relieves supercoiling ahead of the fork. DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA, ligase joins fragments. Helicase is essential for strand separation and replication initiation.