Explanation:
Detergents (e.g., sulfonates) do not precipitate with Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺, so they lather well in hard water. Soaps form insoluble scum. This is a major advantage.
Explanation:
A homogeneous mixture has uniform composition throughout. Salt completely dissolves in water, forming a single phase (solution). Oil and water are immiscible (heterogeneous). Sand in water is suspension (heterogeneous). Iron filings and sulfur can be heterogeneous unless alloyed.
Explanation:
In [Ni(CN)4]2-, Ni is in the +2 oxidation state (d8 configuration). CN- is a strong field ligand, causing the pairing of d-electrons. This leaves one empty d-orbital, leading to dsp2 hybridization. The geometry is square planar. Since all electrons are paired, the complex is diamagnetic.
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