Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of ketone bodies in urine, often associated with diabetes mellitus? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question

Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of ketone bodies in urine, often associated with diabetes mellitus?

A. Hematuria

B. Ketonuria

C. Proteinuria

D. Glycosuria

Answer: Option B

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

Ketonuria is the presence of ketone bodies (acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetone) in urine, resulting from increased fat metabolism due to carbohydrate unavailability in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Glycosuria is glucose in urine, proteinuria is protein, hematuria is blood. Ketonuria indicates diabetic ketoacidosis, a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment.

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Question #1

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The process of protein folding that is assisted by chaperone proteins occurs in the:

A. Endoplasmic reticulum

B. Nucleus

C. Golgi apparatus

D. Lysosome

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Chaperone proteins like BiP assist in proper protein folding in the rough ER. Misfolded proteins are degraded. Golgi modifies, lysosome digests.

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Question #2

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The fungus from which the antibiotic penicillin was originally extracted is:

A. Saccharomyces cerevisiae

B. Penicillium notatum

C. Aspergillus niger

D. Rhizopus stolonifer

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 from the mold Penicillium notatum (later renamed P. chrysogenum). Aspergillus niger is used for citric acid production, Saccharomyces is yeast, Rhizopus is a bread mold. Penicillin was the first true antibiotic and its mass production during WWII saved countless lives. It inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis.

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Question #3

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In angiosperms, the functional megaspore undergoes mitotic divisions to form the embryo sac, which typically contains:

A. 8 cells, 8 nuclei

B. 7 cells, 7 nuclei

C. 4 cells, 4 nuclei

D. 7 cells, 8 nuclei

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
The female gametophyte (embryo sac) in angiosperms is typically monosporic (develops from one functional megaspore). The megaspore undergoes three successive mitotic divisions to form an 8-nucleate, 7-celled structure. This includes 3 antipodal cells, 2 synergids, 1 egg cell, and 1 central cell containing 2 polar nuclei. Exam tip: Remember '8 nuclei, 7 cells' because the central cell has 2 nuclei but is 1 cell.

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