Explanation:
The Ostwald process is used to manufacture nitric acid. The first step involves the catalytic oxidation of ammonia (NH3) to nitric oxide (NO). This reaction is carried out at about 800°C using a platinum-rhodium gauge catalyst. Iron is used in the Haber process, and V2O5 in the Contact process.
Explanation:
Diamond is the hardest known natural material due to its rigid three-dimensional network of covalent bonds with sp³ hybridization, forming a tetrahedral structure. Graphite is soft and slippery because of its layered structure with weak van der Waals forces between layers. Coal is an amorphous form of carbon. Diamond is used in cutting, drilling, and jewelry. Mohs hardness of diamond is 10.
Explanation:
The unwanted earthy or sandy impurities present in an ore are called gangue (or matrix). Flux is added during smelting to react with these impurities, and the resulting fused mass is called slag, which is lighter and floats on top of the molten metal for easy removal.
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