Which of the following is not a transverse wave? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
When an object (like a jet plane) exceeds the speed of sound (Mach 1), it overtakes the sound waves it produces. These sound waves pile up behind the object, superimposing constructively to form an intense, cone-shaped pressure wave called a shock wave. When this high-pressure cone sweeps over an observer on the ground, they hear a loud 'sonic boom'.

Explanation:
Water 4200 J/kg°C, used as coolant. Iron ~450, copper ~385, lead ~128.

Explanation:
Escape velocity v_e = √(2GM/R), where M is planet mass, R its radius. Thus v_e depends on both M and R. It is independent of the escaping body's mass (as gravitational and inertial mass cancel). Memory tip: 'v_e ∝ √(M/R); larger M or smaller R ⇒ higher escape velocity'. This gravitation formula application is frequently tested in competitive exams. Always recall that escape velocity is a property of the planet, not the projectile. This problem assesses understanding of gravitational potential energy concepts.