Which of the following microorganisms is used for the production of citric acid in the industry? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

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Which of the following microorganisms is used for the production of citric acid in the industry?

A. Penicillium chrysogenum

B. Rhizobium leguminosarum

C. Saccharomyces cerevisiae

D. Aspergillus niger

Answer: Option D

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

Aspergillus niger is a fungus widely used for the industrial production of citric acid (a common food additive) through fermentation. Penicillium chrysogenum produces penicillin, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used in baking and brewing, Rhizobium is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium. Citric acid is used as a preservative and flavor enhancer.

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Question #1

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Consider the following statements about the nervous system:
1. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.
2. The peripheral nervous system includes cranial and spinal nerves.
3. The autonomic nervous system controls voluntary actions.
Which of the above is/are correct?

A. 1 and 3 only

B. 1, 2, and 3

C. 1 and 2 only

D. 2 and 3 only

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
CNS = brain + spinal cord; PNS = nerves. Autonomic NS controls involuntary actions, so 3 is incorrect. Thus, 1 and 2 are correct.

This question belongs to: Science Biology

Question #2

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Which vertebrate class is characterized by a three-chambered heart (except crocodiles)?

A. Mammals

B. Birds

C. Reptiles

D. Amphibians

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Reptiles generally have a three-chambered heart with two atria and one partially divided ventricle; crocodiles are an exception with a four-chambered heart. Amphibians have a three-chambered heart with two atria and one undivided ventricle. Mammals and birds have four-chambered hearts. This adaptation reflects their metabolic demands and evolutionary advancement.

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Question #3

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Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?

A. Vitamin K

B. Vitamin B₁₂

C. Vitamin C

D. Vitamin B₆

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble, stored in body fats and liver. Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting (synthesis of prothrombin). Vitamin B complex and vitamin C are water-soluble, excreted in urine and not stored extensively. Fat-soluble vitamins require dietary fat for absorption. Excess of fat-soluble vitamins can cause toxicity (hypervitaminosis).

This question belongs to: Science Biology

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