Which of the following scientists formulated the 'Uncertainty Principle', stating that exact position and momentum of an electron cannot be simultaneously known? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Newton's law: F = Gm₁m₂/r² ⇒ F ∝ 1/r². Inverse square law fundamental to gravitation, electrostatics, and radiation intensity. Memory aid: 'Gravity weakens with square of distance; double distance ⇒ force becomes 1/4'. Core concept frequently tested to verify understanding of fundamental force laws in competitive exams.

Explanation:
Beats occur when two sound waves of slightly different frequencies interfere, causing periodic variation in amplitude (loudness). Beat frequency = |f₁ - f₂|. This is a superposition/interference phenomenon. Reflection, refraction, diffraction don't produce beats. Memory tip: 'Beats = interference of close frequencies; used in tuning instruments'. This conceptual question tests wave superposition understanding, frequently examined in competitive exams. Always distinguish beats (amplitude modulation) from resonance (amplitude increase at natural frequency).

Explanation:
Galileo first proposed concept of inertia. Newton formalized.