Assertion (A): Humans are ureotelic.
Reason (R): The liver converts ammonia to urea, which is excreted in urine.
A. A true, R false.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation.
C. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation.
D. A false, R true.
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Ammonia, toxic, is converted to less toxic urea in the liver via the urea cycle, then excreted by kidneys. Thus, humans excrete urea (ureotelic). R explains A.
Explanation:
The nephron is the fundamental structural and functional unit of the kidney. Each kidney contains about one million nephrons. A nephron consists of two main parts: the renal corpuscle (Malpighian body, containing the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule) and the renal tubule (PCT, Loop of Henle, DCT). It is responsible for urine formation.
Explanation:
The leavening (rising) of bread dough is caused by the anaerobic respiration (fermentation) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast). The yeast ferments the sugars in the dough, producing carbon dioxide (CO2) gas and ethanol. The CO2 gas gets trapped in the dough, causing it to expand and rise, giving bread its light and fluffy texture.
Explanation:
The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is a specialized structure where the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) comes into contact with the afferent arteriole. It consists of juxtaglomerular cells (modified smooth muscle cells in the afferent arteriole that secrete renin), macula densa cells (modified DCT cells that sense NaCl concentration), and extraglomerular mesangial cells. It plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
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