Assertion (A): The cell wall of plants is freely permeable. Reason (R): It allows water and dissolved substances to pass through. MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Bacteria are prokaryotes that primarily reproduce asexually through binary fission, where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Fungi are eukaryotes characterized by having cell walls primarily composed of chitin, a tough polysaccharide. Viruses lack cellular structure and metabolic machinery; they are obligate parasites that rely entirely on the host cell's machinery for replication. Thus, statements 1 and 3 are correct.

Explanation:
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is water-soluble and easily destroyed by heat, light, and oxidation. Cooking reduces its content in food. Vitamin A is fat-soluble and relatively stable, D and K also fat-soluble and more stable. Vitamin C must be consumed regularly.

Explanation:
The cell membrane (plasma membrane) is selectively permeable, meaning it allows certain substances to pass through while restricting others, maintaining cellular homeostasis. The nucleus is the control center of the eukaryotic cell, housing the DNA and directing cellular activities like growth, metabolism, and reproduction. The cell wall is a rigid outer layer present in plant cells, fungi, and bacteria, but it is completely absent in animal cells, which only have a flexible cell membrane. Thus, statements 1 and 3 are correct.