Assertion (A): The cell wall of plants is freely permeable. Reason (R): It allows water and dissolved substances to pass through. MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
The basal ganglia are a group of interconnected subcortical nuclei (including the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus) located deep within the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres. They are crucial components of the extrapyramidal motor system. Their primary functions are to regulate voluntary motor movements (by facilitating desired movements and inhibiting unwanted ones), procedural learning (learning by repetition), routine behaviors, and habit formation. Dysfunction of the basal ganglia leads to movement disorders like Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease.

Explanation:
The 'ozone hole' is a severe, seasonal thinning of the stratospheric ozone layer that occurs most prominently over the Antarctic region during the Southern Hemisphere's spring (September to November). This is due to the unique meteorological conditions in the Antarctic stratosphere, including the formation of Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) during the dark, cold winter, which provide surfaces for chemical reactions that release active chlorine from CFCs, rapidly destroying ozone when sunlight returns.

Explanation:
All are correct: biodiversity has three levels; hotspots have high endemism and threat; Western Ghats is a recognized hotspot.