Assertion (A): The first ionization energy of Nitrogen is higher than that of Oxygen. Reason (R): Nitrogen has a half-filled p-orbital which is exceptionally stable. MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question

Assertion (A): The first ionization energy of Nitrogen is higher than that of Oxygen. Reason (R): Nitrogen has a half-filled p-orbital which is exceptionally stable.

A. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

B. A is true but R is false.

C. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

D. A is false but R is true.

Answer: Option C

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

Nitrogen (1s2 2s2 2p3) has a exactly half-filled p-subshell, which confers extra stability due to symmetry and exchange energy. Oxygen (1s2 2s2 2p4) has one paired electron in the p-orbital, leading to electron-electron repulsion, making it easier to remove. Thus, N has a higher IE than O. Both are true and R explains A.

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Question #1

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Plastics are polymers that can be molded when heated. Which of the following is a thermosetting plastic?

A. Bakelite

B. PVC

C. Nylon

D. Polyethylene

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Bakelite is a thermosetting plastic (phenol-formaldehyde resin). Once set, it cannot be remolded by heating because its polymer chains are cross-linked. Polyethylene, PVC, and nylon are thermoplastics—they can be repeatedly softened by heat and hardened on cooling. Thermosetting plastics are used for electrical switches, handles, and adhesives. Vulcanized rubber is also thermoset.

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Question #2

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Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous catalyst?

A. Nickel in hydrogenation of oils

B. Sulphuric acid in esterification

C. Iron in Haber's process

D. Platinum in Ostwald's process

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
A homogeneous catalyst is in the same phase as the reactants. In the esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols, liquid sulfuric acid (H2SO4) catalyzes the reaction between liquid reactants. Iron, platinum, and nickel are solid catalysts used for gaseous or liquid reactants, making them heterogeneous catalysts.

This question belongs to: Science chemistry