Assertion (A): The first ionization energy of Nitrogen is higher than that of Oxygen. Reason (R): Nitrogen has a half-filled p-orbital which is exceptionally stable. MCQ with Answer and Explanation
Assertion (A): The first ionization energy of Nitrogen is higher than that of Oxygen. Reason (R): Nitrogen has a half-filled p-orbital which is exceptionally stable.
A. A is false but R is true.
B. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Nitrogen (1s2 2s2 2p3) has a exactly half-filled p-subshell, which confers extra stability due to symmetry and exchange energy. Oxygen (1s2 2s2 2p4) has one paired electron in the p-orbital, leading to electron-electron repulsion, making it easier to remove. Thus, N has a higher IE than O. Both are true and R explains A.
Explanation:
Faraday's First Law of Electrolysis states that the mass of a substance deposited or liberated at an electrode is directly proportional to the total charge (Q) passed through the electrolyte (m = ZQ, where Z is the electrochemical equivalent). The Second Law relates mass to equivalent weight.
Explanation:
Across period 3, S (Z=16) to Cl (Z=17) nuclear charge increases, attracting electron cloud more strongly, reducing atomic radius. Number of shells is same (3).
Explanation:
Immiscible liquids (e.g., oil and water) form separate layers. A separating funnel is used to draw off the denser liquid from the bottom. Distillation methods are used for miscible liquids. Centrifugation separates solids from liquids or liquids of different densities in a mixture but not for two immiscible liquids efficiently in a lab; a separating funnel is simpler.
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