Computer Fundamentals MCQs

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Computer Fundamentals MCQs

Practice Computer Fundamentals MCQs with answers and detailed explanations covering computer basics, characteristics, types of computers, generations of computers and fundamental concepts frequently asked in SSC, Railway, Banking, UPSC, JKSSB and other competitive exams.

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Total Questions

Practice Questions

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Question #61
What is the primary function of the input unit in any digital computer architecture?
A. To store processed records permanently.
B. To display the visual results of calculations.
C. To run complex mathematical operations.
D. To convert human-readable input data into machine-understandable binary format.
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
The input unit captures external data from the real world and translates it into digital signals (binary) that the CPU can execute.
This question belongs to: Computer Computer Fundamentals
Question #62
Which generation of computers introduced early high-level programming languages such as FORTRAN and COBOL into the industry?
A. Third Generation
B. First Generation
C. Second Generation
D. Fourth Generation
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The second generation saw the migration away from raw assembly toward early compiled high-level languages like FORTRAN and COBOL.
This question belongs to: Computer Computer Fundamentals
Question #63
A personal laptop, desktop tower, or smartphone is technically categorized under which physical structural division of computers?
A. Microcomputer
B. Supercomputer
C. Minicomputer
D. Mainframe Computer
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Microcomputers are systems built around a single-chip microprocessor, designed to serve one individual user at a time.
This question belongs to: Computer Computer Fundamentals
Question #64
What mathematical system serves as the foundational language of electronic digital computers, representing all values as combinations of two states?
A. Octal System
B. Binary System
C. Decimal System
D. Hexadecimal System
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Digital circuits operate using logic gates that have two states (on/off, high/low voltage), perfectly mapped by the binary system (0 and 1).
This question belongs to: Computer Computer Fundamentals
Question #65
Which component acts as the high-speed interface or internal pipeline that carries data and signals between the CPU, memory, and peripheral devices?
A. Control Unit
B. System Bus
C. Arithmetic Logic Unit
D. BIOS chip
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The system bus is a set of parallel conducting paths used to transmit data, addresses, and control signals between components.
This question belongs to: Computer Computer Fundamentals
Question #66
Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI) technology, which bundles millions or billions of micro-components onto a single die, is the hallmark of which generation?
A. Second Generation
B. Fourth Generation
C. Fifth Generation
D. Third Generation
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
ULSI technology is heavily aligned with the fifth generation, providing the astronomical circuit density needed for advanced AI processing.
This question belongs to: Computer Computer Fundamentals
Question #67
The physical components, mechanical links, and electrical circuits that comprise a computer system are collectively referred to as:
A. Liveware
B. Hardware
C. Software
D. Firmware
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Hardware represents the physical, tangible parts of the computer system that you can touch, see, and interact with physically.
This question belongs to: Computer Computer Fundamentals
Question #68
Which early calculating aid invented by John Napier used a set of numbered ivory rods to simplify complex multiplication and division tasks?
A. Slide Rule
B. Pascaline
C. Abacus
D. Napier's Bones
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
John Napier invented 'Napier's Bones' in 1917, using carved rods to convert multiplication problems into simple addition steps.
This question belongs to: Computer Computer Fundamentals
Question #69
A type of memory whose contents are permanently etched during manufacturing and cannot be easily rewritten or wiped when power is turned off is:
A. ROM
B. RAM
C. Virtual Memory
D. Cache Memory
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
ROM (Read-Only Memory) is non-volatile; its embedded code remains safe and intact even when the machine loses power completely.
This question belongs to: Computer Computer Fundamentals
Question #70
Which characteristic states that a computer cannot act independently or generate new concepts without receiving a structured instruction set from a human?
A. No IQ
B. Versatility
C. Diligence
D. Storage Capacity
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Computers have no innate intelligence (No IQ) and can only follow pre-programmed logical paths provided by human instructions.
This question belongs to: Computer Computer Fundamentals
Question #71
What type of computer architecture is optimized for processing continuously varying real-world physical values like electrical voltage, waves, or fluid pressure?
A. Mainframe Computer
B. Analog Computer
C. Microcomputer
D. Digital Computer
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Analog computers execute operations directly on continuous variables rather than handling discrete binary numbers.
This question belongs to: Computer Computer Fundamentals
Question #72
The first electronic digital computer that implemented a separated architecture for computational data and instruction memory, named after its project, was:
A. EDVAC
B. Harvard Mark I
C. UNIVAC
D. ENIAC
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) was designed to use the stored-program concept, succeeding the hardwired ENIAC.
This question belongs to: Computer Computer Fundamentals
Question #73
Which type of computer system provides advanced graphical performance and computational power, typically used by a single professional for engineering or 3D design?
A. Minicomputer
B. Mainframe
C. Supercomputer
D. Workstation
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
A Workstation is a high-performance single-user computer with advanced graphics capabilities, large memory, and a fast CPU for technical work.
This question belongs to: Computer Computer Fundamentals
Question #74
Which basic unit inside the CPU is strictly dedicated to executing arithmetic math like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division?
A. Arithmetic Unit
B. Control Unit
C. Logic Unit
D. Memory Unit
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The arithmetic unit (a subdivision of the ALU) handles basic mathematical computations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
This question belongs to: Computer Computer Fundamentals
Question #75
What mechanical calculation machine did Gottfried Leibniz improve upon to create the 'Step Reckoner', capable of performing multiplication and division automatically?
A. Analytical Engine
B. Pascaline
C. Abacus
D. Jacquard Loom
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Leibniz expanded the design of Pascal’s calculator (the Pascaline) by adding a stepped cylinder mechanism to allow automated multiplication.
This question belongs to: Computer Computer Fundamentals
Question #76
Which generation of computers introduced widespread multi-programming, time-sharing operating systems, and remote terminal connections?
A. Second Generation
B. First Generation
C. Third Generation
D. Fourth Generation
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The third generation (IC era) allowed multiple programs to share CPU time through multi-programming and time-sharing operating systems.
This question belongs to: Computer Computer Fundamentals
Question #77
The speed of a standard desktop microprocessor chip is commonly evaluated and measured using which metric?
A. Gigahertz (GHz)
B. FLOPS
C. MIPS
D. Baud
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Modern microprocessor internal clock speeds are measured in Gigahertz (GHz), representing billions of clock cycles per second.
This question belongs to: Computer Computer Fundamentals
Question #78
A network server machine that hosts files, websites, or communication tools for a large corporate department belongs to which category?
A. Minicomputer / Mid-range Server
B. Analog Computer
C. Embedded Computer
D. Supercomputer
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Mid-range servers and minicomputers are engineered to handle multi-user business networks and medium-scale database serving operations.
This question belongs to: Computer Computer Fundamentals
Question #79
Who designed the mechanical 'Difference Engine' in 1822 to automatically compute and tabulate mathematical error-free polynomial tables?
A. Blaise Pascal
B. Charles Babbage
C. John von Neumann
D. Herman Hollerith
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Charles Babbage invented the Difference Engine to compute mathematical tables mechanically, earning him renown as the father of computing.
This question belongs to: Computer Computer Fundamentals
Question #80
Which property describes why a computer does not experience psychological boredom or drop in performance when running the same code billions of times?
A. Versatility
B. Diligence
C. Speed
D. Accuracy
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Diligence ensures that electronic processors maintain uniform operational performance and speed without experiencing exhaustion.
This question belongs to: Computer Computer Fundamentals

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