Consider statements about biotechnology: 1. Genetic engineering can create transgenic organisms. 2. Cloning produces genetically identical copies. 3. Tissue culture is used for animal cloning only. Which are correct? MCQ with Answer and Explanation
Consider statements about biotechnology: 1. Genetic engineering can create transgenic organisms. 2. Cloning produces genetically identical copies. 3. Tissue culture is used for animal cloning only. Which are correct?
A. 1, 2 and 3
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1 and 2 only
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Genetic engineering involves the direct manipulation of an organism's genome, often used to create transgenic organisms that contain foreign DNA (transgenes) for desired traits. Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical copies of a biological entity, ranging from genes to entire organisms. Tissue culture (micropropagation) is widely used for the rapid, large-scale propagation of plants from small explants in a sterile medium; it is not exclusively or primarily used for animal cloning. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.
Explanation:
Vitamin A is essential for the synthesis of rhodopsin. Deficiency leads to impaired dark adaptation (night blindness) and eventually xerophthalmia. Beri-beri is B₁ deficiency, pellagra B₃, scurvy vitamin C.
Explanation:
DNA ligase catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides, sealing breaks in the DNA backbone. It is essential for joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during replication and in DNA repair. Polymerase adds nucleotides, helicase unwinds, primase synthesizes RNA primer.
Explanation:
Molecular oxygen (O₂) accepts electrons at the end of the electron transport chain, combining with protons to form water (metabolic water). Without oxygen, the chain backs up, stopping ATP production. This is why oxygen is vital for aerobic respiration. NAD⁺ and FAD are electron carriers, cytochrome c a component.
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