Consider statements about genetics: 1. DNA is the genetic material in most organisms. 2. RNA is the genetic material in some viruses. 3. Proteins are the genetic material in all cells. Which are correct? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question

Consider statements about genetics: 1. DNA is the genetic material in most organisms. 2. RNA is the genetic material in some viruses. 3. Proteins are the genetic material in all cells. Which are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 1, 2 and 3

C. 2 and 3 only

D. 1 and 3 only

Answer: Option A

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the universal genetic material in all cellular organisms (prokaryotes and eukaryotes) and many viruses, storing hereditary information. Some viruses, known as RNA viruses (like HIV, influenza, and TMV), use RNA (ribonucleic acid) as their genetic material instead of DNA. Proteins are the products of gene expression and perform various cellular functions, but they are never the genetic material in any cell or virus. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

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Question #1

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The site of fertilization in the human female reproductive tract is usually the:

A. Ampulla of the fallopian tube

B. Ovary

C. Uterus

D. Cervix

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Fertilization typically occurs in the ampulla, the widest region of the fallopian tube, where the sperm meets the secondary oocyte. The zygote then travels to the uterus for implantation. The ovary releases the egg, the uterus supports embryo development, the cervix is the lower portion opening into the vagina.

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Question #2

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In which part of the human body is the pituitary gland located?

A. Pelvis

B. Neck

C. Brain (hypothalamus region)

D. Abdomen

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The pituitary gland is a pea-sized endocrine gland located at the base of the brain, in a bony cavity called sella turcica, attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk (infundibulum). It is divided into anterior and posterior pituitary, secreting hormones that regulate growth, reproduction, metabolism, and other endocrine glands. Thus, it's in the head, not neck or abdomen.

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Question #3

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During which phase of the cell cycle does the centrosome duplicate?

A. G1 phase

B. S phase

C. G2 phase

D. M phase

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The centrosome, which contains two centrioles, duplicates during the S phase of the cell cycle, concurrent with DNA replication. This ensures that by the time the cell enters mitosis, it has two fully formed centrosomes to organize the mitotic spindle. G1 is for growth, G2 is for preparation for M phase, and M phase is for actual division.

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