Consider statements about Mendel's laws: 1. The Law of Segregation applies to alleles of a single gene. 2. The Law of Independent Assortment applies to genes on the same chromosome. 3. Mendel worked on pea plants. Which are correct? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Plastids (chloroplasts, chromoplasts, leucoplasts) are unique to plant cells and some protists. They are involved in photosynthesis, storage, and imparting color. Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and ribosomes are present in both plant and animal cells. The cell wall and large central vacuole are also distinguishing features of plant cells.

Explanation:
Pleiotropy occurs when one gene affects multiple seemingly unrelated traits. Example: phenylketonuria (PKU) affects mental development, skin pigmentation, and musty odor. Marfan syndrome affects skeleton, eyes, and heart. Polygenic is many genes affecting one trait, epistasis is gene interaction, codominance is both alleles expressed.

Explanation:
Salivary amylase (ptyalin) initiates starch digestion in the mouth, hydrolyzing it into maltose and dextrins. Pepsin digests protein, lipase fats, rennin curdles milk. Amylase works optimally at neutral pH.