Consider statements about microorganisms: 1. Lactobacillus is used in curd formation. 2. Saccharomyces is used in bread making. 3. Aspergillus is used in the production of citric acid. Which are correct? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question

Consider statements about microorganisms: 1. Lactobacillus is used in curd formation. 2. Saccharomyces is used in bread making. 3. Aspergillus is used in the production of citric acid. Which are correct?

A. 2 and 3 only

B. 1, 2 and 3

C. 1 and 3 only

D. 1 and 2 only

Answer: Option B

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

Lactobacillus is a lactic acid bacterium that ferments lactose in milk, producing lactic acid that coagulates proteins to form curd. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) undergoes anaerobic respiration, producing CO2 gas that causes bread dough to rise. Aspergillus niger, a fungus, is widely used in industrial fermentation for the large-scale production of citric acid. All statements are correct.

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The vitamin that is required for the formation of the visual pigment rhodopsin is:

A. Vitamin A

B. Vitamin C

C. Vitamin B₁

D. Vitamin D

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Vitamin A (retinal) combines with opsin to form rhodopsin in rod cells, necessary for vision in dim light. Deficiency causes night blindness. B₁ is for carbohydrate metabolism, C for collagen, D for calcium.

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Question #2

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The process of taking in solid particles by a cell is called:

A. Pinocytosis

B. Osmosis

C. Phagocytosis

D. Exocytosis

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Phagocytosis ('cell eating') is the engulfment of large particles or microbes by the cell membrane forming a phagosome. Pinocytosis is 'cell drinking' of liquids. Exocytosis is secretion.

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Question #3

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Assertion (A): Plant cells possess a large central vacuole. Reason (R): The vacuole stores waste products and maintains turgor pressure.

A. A is false, but R is true.

B. A is true, but R is false.

C. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation.

D. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation.

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Mature plant cells contain a large central vacuole that stores water, ions, pigments, and waste products, and is critical for maintaining turgor pressure against the cell wall, providing structural support. The vacuole can occupy up to 90% of cell volume. The reason correctly explains the function of the vacuole, so both statements are true and linked.

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