Assertion (A): Plant cells possess a large central vacuole. Reason (R): The vacuole stores waste products and maintains turgor pressure. MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question

Assertion (A): Plant cells possess a large central vacuole. Reason (R): The vacuole stores waste products and maintains turgor pressure.

A. A is true, but R is false.

B. A is false, but R is true.

C. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation.

D. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation.

Answer: Option D

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

Mature plant cells contain a large central vacuole that stores water, ions, pigments, and waste products, and is critical for maintaining turgor pressure against the cell wall, providing structural support. The vacuole can occupy up to 90% of cell volume. The reason correctly explains the function of the vacuole, so both statements are true and linked.

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Question #1

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In the XX-XY system of sex determination, the male is:

A. Heterogametic (XY)

B. Homogametic (XX)

C. Haploid (X)

D. Diploid (XX)

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
In the XX-XY system of sex determination, found in humans and most mammals, females have two identical sex chromosomes (XX) and are homogametic, producing only X-bearing eggs. Males have two different sex chromosomes (XY) and are heterogametic, producing two types of sperm: 50% with X and 50% with Y. The sperm determines the sex of the offspring.

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Question #2

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In a cross between a homozygous dominant plant (TT) and a heterozygous plant (Tt), what proportion of the offspring will show the recessive phenotype?

A. 0%

B. 25%

C. 100%

D. 50%

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Cross: TT × Tt. Gametes: T (from TT) and T or t (from Tt). Offspring genotypes: TT and Tt. Both express the dominant phenotype because the recessive allele t is masked by T. No tt offspring are produced, so 0% show the recessive trait.

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Question #3

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In a double-stranded DNA molecule, if adenine constitutes 30%, what is the percentage of guanine?

A. 40%

B. 20%

C. 70%

D. 30%

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
According to Chargaff's rule, A = T and G = C. If A = 30%, then T = 30%. The total for A+T is 60%. The remaining 40% is G+C, so G = 20% and C = 20%. This base pairing is due to specific hydrogen bonding: A-T (2 bonds), G-C (3 bonds). This question applies the concept of base composition.

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