Eutrophication is the excessive enrichment of water bodies with nutrients (primarily nitrates and phosphates from fertilizers and sewage). This leads to rapid growth of algae, known as an algal bloom. When the algae die, their decomposition by bacteria consumes large amounts of dissolved oxygen, leading to hypoxia (low oxygen levels) or anoxia, causing the death of fish and other aquatic organisms.
Explanation:
Louis Pasteur provided strong evidence that microorganisms cause disease and developed pasteurization to kill pathogens. Koch formalized criteria linking specific microbes to specific diseases. Fleming discovered penicillin, Lister introduced antiseptic surgery.
Explanation:
The kidneys sense low oxygen levels and secrete erythropoietin (EPO), which stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow. The liver also produces some EPO in fetal life. Bone marrow is the target, not producer.
Explanation:
Luteinizing hormone (LH) binds to Leydig cells in the testes, stimulating testosterone production. FSH stimulates Sertoli cells for spermatogenesis. GnRH is hypothalamic.
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