Identify the correct statement about blood groups: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Human somatic cells have 46 chromosomes: 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes (XX or XY). Sperm cells are haploid (n=23), containing 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome (either X or Y). The ovum also has 22 autosomes and one X. Fertilization restores 44 autosomes plus XX or XY. So sperm has 22 autosomes.

Explanation:
Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH) is a peptide hormone produced primarily by the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland (pars intermedia), though in humans, this lobe is rudimentary and MSH is mainly derived from the cleavage of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) in the anterior lobe. Its primary function, especially in lower vertebrates like amphibians and reptiles, is to stimulate the melanocytes in the skin to produce and disperse melanin, the pigment responsible for skin, hair, and eye color, leading to darkening of the skin. In humans, its role in pigmentation is less significant.

Explanation:
The hypothalamus is a small region in the forebrain that maintains homeostasis by regulating body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep, and emotions. It also controls pituitary gland secretions. The cerebellum coordinates movement, medulla controls respiration and heart rate, pons relays signals. Hypothalamus acts as the body's thermostat and the link between nervous and endocrine systems.