Which part of the brain regulates body temperature, hunger, and thirst? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Which part of the brain regulates body temperature, hunger, and thirst?
A. Hypothalamus
B. Pons
C. Medulla oblongata
D. Cerebellum
Answer: Option A
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
The hypothalamus is a small region in the forebrain that maintains homeostasis by regulating body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep, and emotions. It also controls pituitary gland secretions. The cerebellum coordinates movement, medulla controls respiration and heart rate, pons relays signals. Hypothalamus acts as the body's thermostat and the link between nervous and endocrine systems.

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The hormone that causes the let-down of milk during breastfeeding is:
A. Oxytocin
B. Progesterone
C. Prolactin
D. Estrogen

Correct Answer: Option A


Explanation:
Oxytocin from the posterior pituitary causes myoepithelial cells around mammary alveoli to contract, ejecting milk. Prolactin stimulates milk synthesis.

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Question #2
The muscle type that is under voluntary control is:
A. Cardiac muscle
B. Skeletal muscle
C. Smooth muscle
D. Visceral muscle

Correct Answer: Option B


Explanation:
Skeletal muscle, attached to bones, is striated and under conscious (voluntary) control. Smooth and cardiac muscles are involuntary. Skeletal muscles are responsible for locomotion and posture.

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Question #3
Consider statements about cell biology: 1. The cell membrane is selectively permeable. 2. The cell wall is present in animal cells. 3. The nucleus controls cell activities. Which are correct?
A. 2 and 3 only
B. 1, 2 and 3
C. 1 and 2 only
D. 1 and 3 only

Correct Answer: Option D


Explanation:
The cell membrane (plasma membrane) is selectively permeable, meaning it allows certain substances to pass through while restricting others, maintaining cellular homeostasis. The nucleus is the control center of the eukaryotic cell, housing the DNA and directing cellular activities like growth, metabolism, and reproduction. The cell wall is a rigid outer layer present in plant cells, fungi, and bacteria, but it is completely absent in animal cells, which only have a flexible cell membrane. Thus, statements 1 and 3 are correct.

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