In a dihybrid cross, the F₂ phenotypic ratio is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Restriction enzymes are molecular scissors that cut DNA at specific recognition sites. EcoRI, isolated from Escherichia coli strain RY13, recognizes the 6-base pair palindromic sequence 5'-GAATTC-3'. It cuts the phosphodiester bond between the G and the A on both strands, leaving single-stranded overhangs called 'sticky ends' (5'-AATT-3'). These sticky ends are crucial for joining DNA fragments from different sources using DNA ligase.

Explanation:
The fallopian tube (oviduct) is the site of fertilization where sperm meets the ovum. The fertilized zygote then travels to the uterus for implantation. Ovary releases the ovum. The uterus is the site of implantation and fetal development. Cervix is the lower narrow portion of the uterus. The ampulla of the fallopian tube is the most common fertilization site.

Explanation:
Bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, hornworts) are often called the 'amphibians of the plant kingdom' because, although they can live on land, they absolutely require water for the completion of their life cycle, specifically for the swimming of male gametes (antherozoids) to reach the female gamete (egg) during fertilization. Algae are mostly aquatic, while pteridophytes and gymnosperms are better adapted to terrestrial life.