In a food chain, the first trophic level is always occupied by:
A. Herbivores
B. Carnivores
C. Decomposers
D. Producers (Green plants)
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
A food chain represents the flow of energy and nutrients. The first trophic level is always occupied by producers (autotrophs), primarily green plants and algae, which convert solar energy into chemical energy via photosynthesis. The second level is primary consumers (herbivores), the third is secondary consumers (carnivores), and so on.
Explanation:
Phagocytosis is receptor-mediated or non-specific engulfment of large particles, forming a phagosome that fuses with lysosomes. Key in immune defense.
Explanation:
Rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface, giving it a rough appearance. It is involved in protein synthesis and processing. Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is for lipid synthesis.
Explanation:
Rennin (chymosin) is a proteolytic enzyme found in the gastric juice of young mammals; it curdles milk by converting soluble caseinogen into insoluble casein, slowing its passage and allowing pepsin to digest it. Pepsin is the main adult protease, trypsin is pancreatic, and lipase digests fats. Rennin is now produced biotechnologically for cheese making.
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