In a reflex arc, the component that carries the response signal to the effector organ is the: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Vitamin C is a cofactor for prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases, enzymes essential for collagen cross-linking and stability. Deficiency impairs wound healing and causes scurvy. Vitamin A is for epithelial integrity.

Explanation:
The cortical reaction is a mechanism to prevent polyspermy, ensuring that only one sperm fertilizes the egg. It is triggered immediately after the plasma membrane of the sperm fuses with the plasma membrane of the oocyte. This fusion causes a sudden release of calcium ions inside the oocyte, which triggers the cortical granules (located just beneath the oocyte membrane) to release their contents into the perivitelline space. These enzymes modify the zona pellucida (zona reaction), making it impermeable to other sperm.

Explanation:
Consciousness is the defining property of living organisms, allowing them to sense and respond to stimuli. Non-living objects can increase in mass (e.g., crystal growth), crystallize, or exhibit magnetism, but they lack consciousness. Reproduction and metabolism are also key characteristics, but consciousness is the most fundamental feature. Thus, only living things possess this ability.