In a typical angiosperm embryo sac, the number of haploid nuclei is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

In a typical angiosperm embryo sac, the number of haploid nuclei is:
A. 8
B. 7
C. 4
D. 6
Answer: Option A
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
A mature embryo sac (female gametophyte) in angiosperms is 7-celled but 8-nucleate: 3 antipodal cells (3 nuclei), 2 synergids (2 nuclei), 1 egg cell (1 nucleus), and 1 central cell with 2 polar nuclei. Thus total 8 haploid nuclei. The central cell is homodiploid (2 polar nuclei). Double fertilization involves these nuclei. This is typical of Polygonum type of development.

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In which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope reform around the chromosomes?
A. Metaphase
B. Prophase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase

Correct Answer: Option D


Explanation:
During telophase, the chromatids reach the poles, decondense, and the nuclear envelope reassembles around each set, forming two daughter nuclei. The spindle disappears. Prophase involves nuclear envelope breakdown, metaphase aligns chromosomes, and anaphase separates chromatids. Cytokinesis often overlaps with telophase, dividing the cytoplasm.

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Which component of blood plays a crucial role in blood clotting?
A. Platelets
B. White blood cells
C. Plasma proteins (albumin)
D. Red blood cells

Correct Answer: Option A


Explanation:
Platelets (thrombocytes) are small, anucleate cell fragments that adhere to the site of injury, release clotting factors, and aggregate to form a platelet plug, initiating the coagulation cascade. RBCs transport oxygen, WBCs defend against infection, and plasma proteins like albumin maintain osmotic balance. Clotting factors are also present in plasma, but platelets are the primary cellular component.

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Which of the following is an example of a biofertilizer containing a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium?
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Correct Answer: Option B


Explanation:
Azotobacter is a free-living, aerobic, nitrogen-fixing soil bacterium used as a biofertilizer for non-legume crops like wheat, maize, and cotton. Rhizobium is symbiotic, Nostoc is a cyanobacterium (algal biofertilizer), and mycorrhiza is a fungal symbiont that enhances phosphorus uptake. Biofertilizers reduce the need for chemical nitrogen fertilizers and are eco-friendly.

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