In the five-kingdom classification, the kingdom Protista includes: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question
In the five-kingdom classification, the kingdom Protista includes:
A. Mushrooms and molds
B. Multicellular algae and bryophytes
C. Bacteria and cyanobacteria
D. Unicellular eukaryotes like amoeba and paramecium
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Protista includes unicellular eukaryotes such as protozoans (Amoeba, Paramecium), unicellular algae (Chlamydomonas, diatoms), and slime molds. They may be autotrophic or heterotrophic. Monera contains prokaryotes. Fungi include multicellular (except yeast) saprophytes. Plantae includes multicellular autotrophs. The protist kingdom is a 'catch-all' group for eukaryotes not fitting into fungi, plantae, or animalia.
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Question #1
The finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase the surface area for absorption are:
A. Nephrons
B. Cilia
C. Alveoli
D. Villi
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Villi are microscopic finger-like projections on the inner lining of the small intestine, covered with microvilli (brush border), greatly increasing surface area for absorption of digested nutrients. Each villus contains a lacteal (lymph capillary) and blood capillaries. Alveoli are in lungs, nephrons in kidneys, cilia are hair-like projections on cells.
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Question #2
Pernicious anemia is caused by the deficiency of:
A. Iron
B. Vitamin B12
C. Folic acid
D. Vitamin C
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Pernicious anemia is a specific type of megaloblastic anemia caused by the inability to absorb Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) due to a lack of intrinsic factor, a protein secreted by the stomach. Vitamin B12 is essential for red blood cell formation and neurological function. Its deficiency leads to the production of large, immature, and dysfunctional red blood cells.
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Question #3
Which hormone, produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas, raises blood glucose levels?
A. Insulin
B. Pancreatic polypeptide
C. Somatostatin
D. Glucagon
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Glucagon is secreted by alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans when blood glucose is low. It acts on the liver to stimulate glycogenolysis (glycogen to glucose) and gluconeogenesis (synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrates), thereby increasing blood glucose. Insulin, from beta cells, lowers blood glucose. Somatostatin inhibits both.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
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