In the human body, the 'Pineal gland' is often referred to as the 'biological clock' because it secretes:
A. Serotonin
B. Melatonin
C. Adrenaline
D. Dopamine
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
The pineal gland, a small endocrine gland located in the epithalamus of the brain, is often called the 'biological clock' or the 'third eye' in some lower vertebrates. Its primary function in humans is to secrete the hormone melatonin. Melatonin production is regulated by the light-dark cycle (circadian rhythm); it is produced in higher amounts during the night and suppressed by light. Melatonin helps regulate sleep-wake cycles, seasonal reproductive functions, and metabolism.
Explanation:
Human somatic cells have 46 chromosomes: 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes (XX or XY). Sperm cells are haploid (n=23), containing 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome (either X or Y). The ovum also has 22 autosomes and one X. Fertilization restores 44 autosomes plus XX or XY. So sperm has 22 autosomes.
Explanation:
Dominant alleles express their trait when present, masking recessive alleles. A gene is a DNA segment; alleles are its variants. Homozygous means identical alleles, recessive expressed only in homozygous state.
Explanation:
The micropyle is a small opening in the integuments of the ovule through which the pollen tube usually enters to deliver sperm cells for fertilization (porogamy). The chalaza is the opposite end, funicle is the stalk, hilum is the point of attachment. The micropyle also allows water entry during germination.
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