In the human digestive system, the 'Peyer's patches' are aggregated lymphoid nodules found primarily in the mucosa and submucosa of the: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question

In the human digestive system, the 'Peyer's patches' are aggregated lymphoid nodules found primarily in the mucosa and submucosa of the:

A. Ileum (small intestine)

B. Large intestine

C. Esophagus

D. Stomach

Answer: Option A

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

Peyer's patches are organized lymphoid follicles (aggregated lymphoid nodules) located in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine, most abundantly in the ileum (the distal part). They are a crucial component of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and play a vital role in monitoring intestinal bacteria populations, preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and training the immune system to recognize antigens.

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Question #1

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Consider statements about ecology: 1. A food chain shows the flow of energy. 2. A food web shows interconnected food chains. 3. Decomposers are the primary producers. Which are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 1, 2 and 3

C. 1 and 3 only

D. 2 and 3 only

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
A food chain is a linear sequence showing the transfer of energy and matter from one organism to another through consumption. A food web is a complex, interconnected network of multiple food chains, representing the realistic feeding relationships in an ecosystem. Decomposers (bacteria and fungi) are saprotrophs that break down dead organic matter; primary producers are autotrophs (plants, algae) that synthesize their own food. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

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Question #2

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Consider the following statements about the pancreas:
1. It has both endocrine and exocrine functions.
2. Alpha cells secrete insulin.
3. Beta cells secrete glucagon.
Which of the above is/are correct?

A. 1 only

B. 3 only

C. 2 only

D. 2 and 3

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The pancreas is a mixed gland (1). Alpha cells secrete glucagon, beta cells insulin. Thus, 2 and 3 are swapped and incorrect.

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Question #3

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Consider statements about scientists: 1. Robert Hooke discovered the cell. 2. Louis Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation. 3. Alexander Fleming discovered the structure of DNA. Which are correct?

A. 1, 2 and 3

B. 1 and 3 only

C. 2 and 3 only

D. 1 and 2 only

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Robert Hooke first observed and coined the term 'cell' in 1665 using cork tissue. Louis Pasteur definitively disproved the theory of spontaneous generation using his swan-neck flask experiment. Alexander Fleming discovered the antibiotic penicillin, not the structure of DNA; that was elucidated by Watson and Crick. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

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