In which stage of mitosis do chromosomes align at the cell equator? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Gymnosperms are seed-producing plants where the ovules are not enclosed in an ovary; hence, the seeds are naked. They are predominantly perennial, evergreen, woody trees like pines and cedars. Double fertilization and the formation of triploid endosperm are unique characteristics of angiosperms, not gymnosperms. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Explanation:
The Calvin cycle (C3 cycle) occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts, where CO₂ is fixed into sugars using ATP and NADPH from light reactions. Thylakoid membrane is the site of light reactions.

Explanation:
Photosynthesis captures light energy via chlorophyll and converts CO₂ and H₂O into glucose and O₂. Respiration releases energy from glucose, fermentation is anaerobic, translocation is movement of solutes.