Thomson used cathode ray tubes to discover the electron and measure its charge-to-mass ratio (e/m). He proposed the 'plum pudding' model. Proton identified by Rutherford, neutron by Chadwick.
Explanation:
Gamma rays are high-energy photons emitted from the nucleus when it transitions from excited state to lower energy state. Alpha/beta decay often leaves nucleus in excited state which emits gamma.
Explanation:
Na₂CO₃ is formed from NaOH (strong base) and H₂CO₃ (weak acid). Its aqueous solution is basic due to hydrolysis: CO₃²⁻ + H₂O ⇌ HCO₃⁻ + OH⁻. Strong acid + strong base salts are neutral (NaCl).
Explanation:
BOD stands for Biological Oxygen Demand. It is a measure of the amount of dissolved oxygen required by microorganisms to decompose the organic matter present in a water sample. High BOD indicates severe organic pollution and poor water quality for aquatic life.
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