A. Pasteurization and disproving spontaneous generation
B. Laws of inheritance
C. Discovery of penicillin
D. Theory of evolution
Answer: Option A
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Louis Pasteur, a French microbiologist, is famous for several groundbreaking contributions. He developed the process of pasteurization (heating liquids to kill harmful microbes). He also conclusively disproved the theory of spontaneous generation using his famous swan-neck flask experiment, demonstrating that life only arises from pre-existing life (biogenesis). He also developed vaccines for rabies and anthrax.
Explanation:
Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy (glucose) using CO₂ and H₂O, releasing O₂. It occurs in chloroplasts. Respiration breaks down glucose, fermentation is anaerobic, chemosynthesis uses chemical energy.
Explanation:
Vitamin C is a cofactor for the enzyme tyrosinase, which is involved in melanin synthesis. Vitamin A is for vision, B₆ for amino acid metabolism, D for calcium.
Explanation:
Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme unique to retroviruses that transcribes single-stranded RNA into double-stranded DNA (cDNA). This DNA integrates into the host genome. DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA from DNA, RNA polymerase from DNA. Reverse transcriptase is used in RT-PCR and cDNA synthesis.
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