Polarization possible only for transverse waves (oscillations ⊥ propagation). Longitudinal waves (sound) cannot be polarized. Memory aid: 'Polarization ⇒ transverse nature; light is EM transverse wave'. Wave property frequently tested in competitive exams.
Explanation:
Telescope (refracting/reflecting) makes distant objects appear nearer, magnified. Microscope for tiny near objects. Periscope uses mirrors to see over obstacles. Endoscope medical.
Explanation:
PE = mgh, so directly proportional to height h. If h becomes 2h, PE becomes 2 × 100 = 200 J, assuming g constant. For large heights, g varies, but basic assumption. Thus 200 J.
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