The blood group that lacks both antigens A and B is:
A. A
B. B
C. AB
D. O
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Blood group O has neither A nor B antigens on the red blood cells, but has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in plasma. It is the universal donor for red cells. Group AB has both antigens, A has A antigen, B has B antigen.
Explanation:
Calcium ions (Ca2+) play a crucial role in the blood clotting (coagulation) cascade. They are required for the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, and fibrinogen to fibrin. Without calcium, the clotting process cannot proceed, which is why calcium salts are often added to blood collection tubes to prevent clotting during tests.
Explanation:
The liver converts toxic ammonia (from amino acid deamination) into less toxic urea via the urea cycle (ornithine cycle) in hepatocytes. Urea is then excreted by the kidneys. The kidneys filter urea but do not produce it. Pancreas produces enzymes/hormones, spleen filters blood.
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