The causative agent of Kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis) is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question
The causative agent of Kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis) is:
A. Plasmodium falciparum
B. Entamoeba histolytica
C. Leishmania donovani
D. Trypanosoma brucei
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Kala-azar, also known as visceral leishmaniasis, is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani. It is transmitted by the bite of the infected female sandfly (Phlebotomus). The disease affects internal organs, particularly the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, causing prolonged fever, weight loss, and enlargement of the liver and spleen. Trypanosoma brucei causes sleeping sickness, and Plasmodium causes malaria.
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Question #1
The type of immunity resulting from the injection of ready-made antibodies is:
A. Innate immunity
B. Cell-mediated immunity
C. Passive immunity
D. Active immunity
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Passive immunity is acquired by receiving pre-formed antibodies from another source, providing immediate but temporary protection. Examples: antivenom, immune globulin injections, and maternal antibodies. Active immunity is generated by the body's own immune system (infection or vaccination). Innate is non-specific, cell-mediated is T-cell based.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #2
Consider statements about ecology: 1. An ecosystem includes living and non-living components. 2. A community includes only one species. 3. A population includes individuals of the same species. Which are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1, 2 and 3
D. 1 and 3 only
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
An ecosystem is a functional unit comprising both the biotic (living organisms) and abiotic (non-living physical environment like soil, water, sunlight) components interacting as a system. A population is a group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area and interbreeding. A community consists of all the interacting populations of different species living together in a defined area, not just one species. Thus, statements 1 and 3 are correct.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #3
The hormone that stimulates the secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex is:
A. Prolactin
B. ACTH
C. FSH
D. TSH
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol and androgens. TSH stimulates thyroid, FSH gonads.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
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