The condition caused by insufficient secretion of thyroxine in adults is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

The condition caused by insufficient secretion of thyroxine in adults is:
A. Cretinism
B. Myxedema
C. Acromegaly
D. Goiter
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Hypothyroidism in adults causes myxedema, characterized by puffy face, edema, lethargy, weight gain, and mental dullness. Goiter is an enlarged thyroid due to iodine deficiency but thyroxine may be normal or low. Cretinism is congenital hypothyroidism causing stunted growth and mental retardation. Acromegaly is due to excess growth hormone in adults.

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The female sex hormone produced by the corpus luteum is:
A. Prolactin
B. Estrogen
C. Progesterone
D. Testosterone

Correct Answer: Option C


Explanation:
The corpus luteum, formed after ovulation, secretes progesterone (and some estrogen) to maintain the uterine lining for pregnancy. If no fertilization, it degenerates, causing menstruation. Estrogen is also produced by growing follicles, testosterone by Leydig cells, prolactin by anterior pituitary.

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Question #2
The waxy substance that waterproofs the leaf surface is:
A. Cutin
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C. Suberin
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Correct Answer: Option A


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Cutin, along with waxes, forms the cuticle on the epidermis of leaves and stems, reducing water loss and providing protection. Lignin strengthens cell walls, cellulose is the wall polysaccharide, suberin is in cork cells and root endodermis.

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Question #3
Which of the following vitamins is essential for blood clotting?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin K
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin E

Correct Answer: Option B


Explanation:
Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin required for the synthesis of clotting factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX, and X in the liver. Deficiency leads to prolonged clotting time and bleeding disorders. Vitamin A is for vision, C for collagen synthesis and antioxidant, E for antioxidant. Vitamin K is found in green leafy vegetables and synthesized by gut bacteria.

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