The condition caused by vitamin D deficiency in adults is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), derived from vitamin B₁, is a cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. Riboflavin is FAD, niacin is NAD, pyridoxine PLP for transamination.

Explanation:
Light reactions occur in thylakoid membranes, producing ATP, NADPH, and oxygen. Oxygen comes from water (photolysis), not CO₂. So statement 2 is incorrect. 1 and 3 are correct.

Explanation:
Amylin, also known as Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP), is a 37-amino acid peptide hormone that is co-secreted with insulin from the pancreatic beta cells in response to meals (in a ratio of about 1:100 to insulin). Its primary functions are to complement the actions of insulin in regulating postprandial (after-meal) glucose levels. It does this by slowing gastric emptying (preventing a rapid spike in blood glucose), suppressing the secretion of glucagon (preventing the liver from releasing glucose), and acting on the brain to promote satiety and reduce food intake.