The condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure damaging the optic nerve is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
The Casparian strip is a waterproof band of suberin and lignin found in the radial and transverse cell walls of the endodermis (the innermost layer of the cortex) in plant roots. It acts as a barrier to the passive flow of water and dissolved minerals through the cell walls (the apoplastic pathway). This forces water and solutes to cross the selectively permeable plasma membrane and enter the symplastic pathway, allowing the plant to control and filter what enters the vascular cylinder (stele).

Explanation:
Arthropoda is the largest phylum, with over a million described species, including insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and myriapods. They are characterized by jointed appendages, chitinous exoskeleton, and segmented bodies. Insects alone represent the majority of animal species. Chordata is comparatively smaller.

Explanation:
Streptomycin is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. Penicillin and cephalosporins are from fungi (Penicillium and Cephalosporium). Griseofulvin is a fungal antibiotic. Streptomycin is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside, effective against gram-negative bacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit.