The crossing over that causes genetic recombination occurs during which substage of meiosis? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Spirogyra is a filamentous green alga containing chloroplasts, performing photosynthesis, hence autotrophic. Mushroom, Mucor, and Rhizopus are fungi, which are heterotrophic saprophytes or parasites. Autotrophs synthesize their own food using light or chemical energy. Spirogyra belongs to algae, classified under Plantae in five-kingdom classification. Its ribbon-shaped chloroplast aids in photosynthesis. This question tests the concept of nutrition modes.

Explanation:
The heart is myogenic because the heartbeat originates in the SA node within the heart itself, not from brain signals. The brain can modulate the rate but not initiate. Thus, A is true, but R is false.

Explanation:
Xenogamy is the type of cross-pollination where pollen grains are transferred from the anther of one plant to the stigma of a genetically different plant. This promotes genetic diversity. Autogamy is self-pollination within the same flower. Geitonogamy is the transfer of pollen between different flowers on the same plant (functionally cross-pollination but genetically self-pollination). Cleistogamy is closed, self-pollinating flowers.