The disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae is characterized by: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question
The disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae is characterized by:
A. Bloody diarrhea
B. Persistent cough
C. High fever and rash
D. Severe watery diarrhea (rice-water stools)
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Cholera, caused by Vibrio cholerae, produces cholera toxin that stimulates massive secretion of water and electrolytes into the intestinal lumen, leading to profuse, watery diarrhea resembling rice water, causing rapid dehydration. Treatment is oral rehydration therapy and antibiotics. Typhoid causes fever, dysentery causes bloody stools.
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Question #1
The causative agent of ergotism, a disease affecting rye and other cereals, is:
A. Claviceps purpurea
B. Alternaria solani
C. Ustilago maydis
D. Puccinia graminis
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Ergotism is caused by the fungus Claviceps purpurea, which infects the ovaries of rye and other grasses, replacing the seeds with hard, dark sclerotia (ergots). These sclerotia contain potent alkaloids (like ergotamine) that cause severe vasoconstriction and neurological symptoms in humans and animals consuming contaminated grain. Ustilago causes smut, and Puccinia causes rust.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #2
The gland that secretes a hormone that regulates calcium levels by lowering blood calcium is:
A. Adrenal cortex
B. Thyroid (parafollicular cells)
C. Parathyroid
D. Pancreas
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Calcitonin, produced by parafollicular (C) cells of the thyroid gland, lowers blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclast activity and promoting calcium deposition in bones. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) raises calcium. Adrenal cortex secretes corticosteroids, pancreas secretes insulin/glucagon. Calcitonin opposes PTH.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #3
The enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template is:
A. Helicase
B. Ligase
C. RNA polymerase
D. DNA polymerase
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of DNA and synthesizes a complementary RNA strand during transcription. DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA, ligase joins DNA fragments, helicase unwinds DNA.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
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