The 'Foramen of Panizza' is a small opening found in the heart of which animal, allowing blood to bypass the pulmonary circuit? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a powerful molecular technique used to exponentially amplify a specific segment of DNA, creating millions of copies from a small initial sample. Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory method used to separate DNA, RNA, or protein molecules based on their size and charge by applying an electric field through a gel matrix. Restriction enzymes are molecular scissors that cut DNA at specific sequences; DNA ligase is the enzyme that joins DNA fragments together. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Explanation:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary binds to receptors on thyroid follicular cells, stimulating synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T₃ and T₄). ACTH targets adrenal cortex.

Explanation:
Seed dispersal spreads seeds away from the parent plant, reducing competition for light, water, nutrients, and space. It also aids in colonization of new habitats and increases species distribution. Dispersal agents include wind, water, animals, and explosive mechanisms. Overcrowding would lead to resource limitation. Genetic diversity is promoted by cross-pollination, not directly by dispersal.