The nephron is the microscopic structural and functional unit that filters blood and forms urine. It consists of the renal corpuscle (glomerulus + Bowman's capsule) and tubules. Alveoli are lung units, neurons are nerve cells, hepatocytes are liver cells. Each kidney contains about one million nephrons.
Explanation:
Frederick Sanger determined the amino acid sequence of insulin in 1955, showing proteins have a specific sequence. Banting and Best isolated insulin, Hodgkin determined its 3D structure.
Explanation:
HIV is a retrovirus with RNA genome and reverse transcriptase, which converts viral RNA into DNA. This defines retroviruses, and the reason correctly explains the assertion.
Explanation:
The epiglottis is a cartilaginous flap that covers the glottis (the opening into the larynx and trachea) during swallowing, directing food and liquid into the esophagus. The tongue moves food, the glottis is the opening itself, and the uvula is a soft tissue hanging at the back of the palate that assists in speech and prevents nasal regurgitation.
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