The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a healthy adult is approximately:
A. 250 mL/min
B. 125 mL/min
C. 500 mL/min
D. 50 mL/min
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the volume of filtrate formed per minute by both kidneys, normally about 125 mL/min (180 L/day). Nearly 99% of the filtrate is reabsorbed, leaving about 1-2 liters of urine per day. GFR is regulated by the juxtaglomerular apparatus. It's an important clinical indicator of kidney function, estimated from serum creatinine.
Explanation:
Sclerenchyma provides strength, with thick lignified walls; cells are usually dead at maturity. Xylem transports water, phloem transports food, collenchyma is living with uneven thickening.
Explanation:
Auxin (indole-3-acetic acid) produced at the shoot apex suppresses the growth of lateral buds, a phenomenon called apical dominance. Removing the apex allows lateral buds to grow. Cytokinin promotes cell division and counteracts apical dominance. Gibberellin stimulates stem elongation, and ethylene is involved in fruit ripening and senescence. The auxin-cytokinin ratio determines root and shoot differentiation in tissue culture.
Explanation:
GMOs are organisms whose genetic material has been modified through recombinant DNA technology, introducing or deleting specific genes. Selective breeding and cross-pollination are traditional methods that do not directly manipulate DNA. Cloning produces genetically identical copies without necessarily altering the genome. Examples: Bt cotton, Golden rice.
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