The 'Hormone Ghrelin' is often called the 'hunger hormone' because it is secreted primarily by the stomach and acts on the hypothalamus to: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question

The 'Hormone Ghrelin' is often called the 'hunger hormone' because it is secreted primarily by the stomach and acts on the hypothalamus to:

A. Stimulate appetite and food intake

B. Promote fat breakdown

C. Increase metabolism

D. Suppress appetite

Answer: Option A

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

Ghrelin is a peptide hormone produced mainly by the endocrine cells of the stomach, especially when it is empty. It is often called the 'hunger hormone' because it acts on the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus to stimulate appetite (orexigenic effect) and promote food intake. Ghrelin levels rise before meals and fall after eating. It has the opposite effect of leptin, which suppresses appetite.

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Question #1

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The resting membrane potential of a typical neuron is approximately -70 mV. This negative charge inside the cell is primarily maintained by the:

A. Sodium-potassium pump and the differential permeability of the membrane to K+ and Na+

B. Continuous influx of sodium ions through leak channels

C. High concentration of calcium ions inside the cell

D. Active transport of chloride ions into the cell

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The resting membrane potential (-70 mV) is primarily established and maintained by the Na+/K+ ATPase pump, which actively transports 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ into the cell, creating an electrochemical gradient. Additionally, the membrane is much more permeable to K+ than to Na+ due to K+ leak channels. K+ diffuses out of the cell down its concentration gradient, leaving the inside negatively charged.

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Question #2

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Which of the following statements about viruses is INCORRECT?

A. They are obligate intracellular parasites.

B. They lack metabolic machinery.

C. They reproduce by binary fission.

D. They can have either DNA or RNA as genetic material.

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Viruses do not reproduce by binary fission; they replicate by hijacking host cell machinery. Binary fission is a method of asexual reproduction in bacteria. All other statements are correct.

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Question #3

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The type of asexual reproduction in yeast where a small outgrowth develops into a new individual is:

A. Budding

B. Binary fission

C. Spore formation

D. Fragmentation

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Budding is an asymmetric division where a new yeast cell forms as a small bud on the parent, eventually pinching off. Binary fission is symmetric splitting (bacteria), fragmentation is breaking into pieces, spore formation involves spores. Budding can occur in some hydra as well.

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